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What is dunnage in shipping?

June 14, 2026 — Lê Văn Thăng

What dunnage is: material to secure and protect cargo in containers/trucks. Types (air bags, wood, foam, edge boards), safe bracing and the VGM note.

Reviewed and updated by ICD - Week 24/2026

Dunnage is material used to secure, brace and protect cargo in containers, trucks or storage. When goods do not fill the space, gaps let packages collide, shift and topple as the vehicle moves. Dunnage fills those gaps and spreads forces, holding cargo in place throughout the journey.

Common types of dunnage

Dunnage type Used for
Dunnage (air) bags Fill large gaps between loads/pallets in a container
Wood dunnage Bracing heavy loads, creating fork-entry gaps
Foam, bubble Cushion fragile goods, fill small gaps
Edge boards, strapping Protect edges, lash packages tight

Why bracing is needed

In transit, cargo faces vibration, hard braking and sea swell - inertia makes packages slide and collide. Proper dunnage cuts damage, prevents pallet-stack collapse, keeps the centre of gravity stable and makes opening the container door safe. Cargo shifting inside also moves the centre of gravity, affecting balance during craning and transport.

Dunnage bags - the popular solution

A dunnage (air) bag is an inflatable bag placed in the gap between loads or between cargo and the container wall. Inflated, it presses cargo in place, spreads forces and self-adjusts to the load shape. Pros: light, fast to fit, reusable (durable types), fills large gaps wood cannot. Choose the bag level by load and transport mode (road, sea, rail).

How to brace cargo safely

Stack tightly, heavy at the bottom; fill gaps with air bags or wood dunnage; lash packages to the walls with straps; protect edges with edge boards; stretch-wrap to stabilise the pallet block. Re-check before closing the container door - any remaining gap is where cargo will shift.

Dunnage and VGM

Dunnage weight counts toward the verified gross mass (VGM) of the whole container declared to the carrier - along with cargo and container tare. So when using heavy wood dunnage, add this in correctly. ICD supplies dunnage bags, pallets, stretch film and bracing materials for safe container loading.

More on dunnage bags

Topic pillar

What is a dunnage bag?

In-depth analysis articles

Dunnage bag structure & types Dunnage bag materials
Dunnage bag technical metrics Dunnage bag valve
How to use a dunnage bag Dunnage bag quality standards

Frequently asked questions

What is dunnage?

Material used to secure, brace and protect cargo in containers, trucks or storage, filling gaps between loads.

What types of dunnage are there?

Dunnage (air) bags, wood dunnage, foam and bubble, edge boards and strapping - each for a different bracing purpose.

Is a dunnage bag dunnage?

Yes. A dunnage (air) bag is a common type of dunnage, filling large gaps between loads or pallets in a container.

Why is bracing needed in transit?

Because vibration, hard braking and sea swell make cargo slide and collide; dunnage holds it in place, cutting damage and making opening safe.

How do I choose a dunnage bag?

By load and transport mode (road, sea, rail); each bag level withstands a different restraining force.

Does dunnage weight count toward VGM?

Yes. Dunnage weight is added to the container’s verified gross mass (VGM) declared to the carrier.

Contact ICD Vietnam

ICD Vietnam Industrial Manufacturing Co., Ltd - pallets, plastic crates, stretch film, forklifts and packaging solutions.

Hotline: 0983 797 186 / 090 345 9186
Email: sales@icdvietnam.com.vn | Zalo: Chat on Zalo


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